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- Ripe pokeweed fruit are dark but the red stems help to attract birds
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- The fruit of Virginia creeper is also dark and the red leaves are “fruit flags” that attract birds to feed
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- A viceroy butterfly seems to be feeding on the ripe fruit of the exotic Kousa dogwood
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- A painted lady butterfly drinks nectar from the flowers of the exotic Queen Anne’s lace
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- A sachem skipper feeds from the late season flowers of ironweed
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- The peculiar caterpillar of the pipevine caterpillar is toxic based on the food it eats
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- These congregated wooly alder aphids cover themselves with wax as a protection
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- This orb weaver spider has captured one of the hated brown stinkbugs that invades houses in fall
Although now in early October we are still awaiting full fall color in the forest leaves, there are many other interesting natural phenomenon to be observed. For example fruit ripening is well underway and there are many variations in shape and color of both fruit and ancillary structures. For example the native but invasive poke weeds have a dark fruit but the stems are bright red, presumably to attract the attention of birds to this bounty. The native Virginia creeper also has a dark fruit and its bright red foliage is believed to be a a “fruit flagging” mechanism that brings the attention of birds. The exotic Kousa dogwoods are covered with large red fruit which have here attracted a viceroy butterfly which may be drinking fluids from the ripe fruit
Some flowers are still blooming and continue to attract butterflies. This painted lady butterfly is drinking nectar from a Queen Anne’s Lace, or wild carrot, a widely distributed exotic from Europe found in fields. A sachem skipper butterfly is shown on a native ironweed, one of my favorites, which just has a few flowers left.
I have noticed many caterpillars walking around, likely looking for a place to hibernate. This pipevine caterpillar was one of the most unusual. It feeds on poisonous pipevines which protect it and the butterfly to come from predators. Its unusual coloration may warn of this toxicity and may reflect the tropical origin of this group where there is a toxic model, the velvet worm which it resembles.
One of the stranger sights of fall is the presence of groups of wooly aphids on plants such as alders. They have a most unusual life cycle involving both maples and alders and reproduce in part by parthenogeneis or virgin birth: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persicaria_perfoliata The peculiar whitish waxy material appears to limit predation and reduce water loss.
A most unwelcome insect of fall is the brown stinkbug which may invade houses and cause a big nuisance. I noticed one ally in our war on stinkbugs- this orb weaver spider has captured and will eat at least one of hated stinkbugs. Of course some might consider the spider less desirable than the bug!
So enjoy the onset of fall with its cooler weather and beautiful leaves and watch for the huge changes in animal behavior that will be occurring.